Iteleskopu yabantwana yesayensi kunye nemfundo ilingelo lokungena kwiteleskopu yenqanaba lokungena

IiParameters zeMveliso

Ubumbeko:

I-eyepiece: h20mm, h6mm izibonda zamehlo ezimbini

1.5x isipili esihle

I-90 degree zenith mirror

38 cm ubude be-aluminium tripod

Isiqinisekiso sekhadi lewaranti eyenziwe ngesandla

Iimpawu eziphambili:

★ refractive / focal ubude: 360mm, ukukhanya ukukhanya: 50mm

★ Amaxesha angama-60 kunye namaxesha e-18 anokudibaniswa, kwaye amaxesha angama-90 kunye namaxesha angama-27 angadibaniswa kunye ne-1.5x yesibuko esihle

★ isisombululo sethiyori: 2.000 arcseconds, elingana nezinto ezimbini ezinomgama we-0.970 cm kwi-1000 yeemitha.

★ umbala oyintloko wombhobho welensi: isilivere (njengoko kubonisiwe emfanekisweni)

★ ubunzima: Malunga 1kg

★ ubungakanani ibhokisi yangaphandle: 44cm * 21cm * 10cm

Ukujonga indibaniselwano: 1.5x yesipili esilungileyo h20mm eyepiece (umfanekiso opheleleyo oqinisekileyo)

Imigaqo yokusetyenziswa:

1. Tsala ngaphandle kweenyawo ezixhasayo, faka i-telescope barrel kwijoka kwaye uyilungelelanise ngezikrufu ezinkulu zokutshixa.

2. Faka isibuko se-zenith kwi-cylinder yokugxila kwaye uyilungise ngezikrufu ezihambelanayo.

3. Faka i-eyepiece kwisibuko se-zenith kwaye uyilungise nge-screws ehambelanayo.

4. Ukuba ufuna ukukhulisa ngesibuko esihle, yifake phakathi kwe-eyepiece kunye ne-lens barrel (akukho mfuneko yokufaka isibuko se-90 degree zenith), ukuze ukwazi ukubona umzimba wasezulwini.

Yintoni iteleskopu yeAstronomical?

Iteleskopu yeAstronomical sesona sixhobo sokujonga izinto ezisesibhakabhakeni kunye nokubamba ulwazi olusesibhakabhakeni.Ukususela oko uGalileo wenza iteleskopu yokuqala ngowe-1609, iteleskopu iye yakhula ngokuqhubekayo.Ukusuka kwibhendi ye-optical ukuya kwibhendi epheleleyo, ukusuka emhlabeni ukuya esibhakabhakeni, isakhono sokubona iteleskopu siya siqina kwaye somelele, kwaye ngakumbi nangakumbi ulwazi lomzimba wesibhakabhaka lunokubanjwa.Abantu baneteleskopu kwi-electromagnetic wave band, neutrinos, amaza omxhuzulane, imitha ye-cosmic njalo njalo.

Imbali yoPhuhliso:

Iteleskopu ivela kwiiglasi.Abantu baqalisa ukusebenzisa iindondo malunga neminyaka engama-700 eyadlulayo.Malunga ne-ad ye-1300, amaTaliyane aqala ukwenza iiglasi zokufunda ngeelensi zeconvex.Malunga ne-1450 ad, iiglasi ze-myopia nazo zavela.Ngowe-1608, umqeqeshi kaH. Lippershey, ongumDatshi ongumenzi weempahla zamehlo, ngempazamo wafumanisa ukuba ngokudibanisa iilensi ezimbini, unokuzibona kakuhle izinto ezikude.Ngowe-1609, xa uGalileo, isazinzulu saseItali, weva ngale mveliso, ngoko nangoko wazenzela eyakhe iteleskopu waza wayisebenzisa ukujonga iinkwenkwezi.Ukususela ngoko, iteleskopu yokuqala yeenkwenkwezi yazalwa.UGalileo waqaphela isenzeko samabala elanga, imingxuma yenyanga, iisathelayithi zeJupiter (iisathelayithi zeGalileo) kunye nenzuzo kunye nokulahleka kweVenus ngeteleskopu yakhe, eyaxhasa kakhulu ithiyori kaCopernicus yokujikeleza komhlaba.Iteleskopu kaGalileo yenziwe ngomgaqo wokuphinda kukhanye ukukhanya, ngoko ke ibizwa ngokuba sisichasi.

Ngo-1663, isazi ngeenkwenkwezi saseSkotlani uGregory senza isipili sikaGregory ngokusebenzisa umgaqo obonisa ukukhanya, kodwa sasingathandwa ngenxa yobugcisa bokuvelisa obungekavuthwa.Ngo-1667, isazinzulu saseBritani uNewton wayiphucula kancinane ingcamango kaGregory waza wenza isipili saseNewton.I-aperture yayo yi-2.5cm kuphela, kodwa ukukhulisa kungaphezu kwamaxesha angama-30.Ikwasusa nokwahlukana kombala weteleskopu yokuphinda iphindeke, nto leyo eyenza ukuba isebenze kakhulu.Ngomnyaka we-1672, umFrentshi uCassegrain wayila eyona nto isetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo iCassegrain reflector ngokusebenzisa izibuko zeconcave kunye neconvex.Iteleskopu inobude obugxininise obude, umzimba welensi emfutshane, ukwandiswa okukhulu kunye nomfanekiso ocacileyo;Ingasetyenziselwa ukufota izidalwa zasezulwini ezinkulu nezincinci kwintsimi.Iteleskopu yeHubble isebenzisa olu hlobo lweteleskopu ebonakalisayo.

Ngo-1781, izazi ngeenkwenkwezi zaseBritani uW. Herschel noC. Herschel bafumanisa i-Uranus ngesipili sokuvula esiziisentimitha ezili-15.Ukusukela ngoko, izazi ngeenkwenkwezi zongezelele imisebenzi emininzi kwiteleskopu ukuze ibe namandla okuhlalutya okubonwayo njalo njalo.Ngo-1862, izazi ngeenkwenkwezi zaseMelika uClark kunye nonyana wakhe (A. Clark kunye no-A. g. Clark) benza i-refractor ye-47 cm kwaye bathatha imifanekiso yeenkwenkwezi ze-Sirius.Ngowe-1908, isazi ngeenkwenkwezi saseMerika uHaier wakhokela ekwakhiweni kwesipili sokuvula esiziimitha ezisisi-1.53 ​​ukuze sibambe iinkwenkwezi eziziiqabane likaSirius.Ngowe-1948, iteleskopu yaseHaier yagqitywa.I-aperture yayo yeemitha ezi-5.08 yanele ukujonga kunye nokuhlalutya umgama kunye nesantya esibonakalayo semizimba yasezulwini ekude.

Ngowe-1931, ugqirha wamehlo waseJamani u-Schmidt wenza iteleskopu yaseSchmidt, kwaye ngowe-1941, isazi ngeenkwenkwezi saseSoviet uMark sutov wenza uphawu lwe-sutov Cassegrain reentry mirror, olutyebisa iindidi zeeteleskopu.

Kumaxesha anamhlanje nakwixesha langoku, iiteleskopu zeenkwenkwezi azisekho kuphela kwiibhanti zamehlo.Ngo-1932, iiNjineli zikanomathotholo zaseMelika zafumanisa ukuba imitha yerediyo ivela kumbindi womnyele iMilky Way, iphawula ukuzalwa kwenzululwazi ngeenkwenkwezi zikanomathotholo.Emva kokusungulwa kweesathelayithi ezenziwe ngabantu ngowe-1957, iiteleskopu zanda.Ukusukela kwinkulungwane entsha, iiteleskopu ezintsha ezifana neutrinos, izinto ezimnyama kunye namaza omxhuzulane zisenyuka.Ngoku, izigidimi ezininzi ezithunyelwa zizidalwa ezisesibhakabhakeni ziye zaba yifundus yezazi ngeenkwenkwezi, yaye umbono womntu uya usiba banzi nangakumbi.

Ekuqaleni kukaNovemba ka-2021, emva kwexesha elide lophuhliso lobunjineli kunye novavanyo lokudibanisa, i-James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) eyayilindelwe kakhulu (JWST) ekugqibeleni yafika kwindawo yokuqaliswa e-French Guiana kwaye iya kuqaliswa kungekudala.

Umgaqo osebenzayo weteleskopu yeenkwenkwezi:

Umgaqo osebenzayo weteleskopu yeenkwenkwezi kukuba i-lens yenjongo (i-convex lens) igxininise umfanekiso, okhuliswe yi-eyepiece (i-convex lens).Igxininiswe yi-lens yenjongo kwaye emva koko ikhuliswe yi-eyepiece.I-lens yenjongo kunye ne-eyepiece yizakhiwo eziphindwe kabini, ukwenzela ukuba kuphuculwe umgangatho womfanekiso.Ukwandisa ukukhanya kwiyunithi yendawo nganye, ukuze abantu bafumane izinto ezimnyama kunye neenkcukacha ezininzi.Okungena emehlweni akho kukukhanya okuphantse kufane, kwaye into oyibonayo ngumfanekiso wentelekelelo owenziwe nkulu sisikrotyana samehlo.Kukwandisa i-angle yokuvula encinci yento ekude ngokokwandiswa okuthile, ukuze ibe ne-angle yokuvula enkulu kwindawo yomfanekiso, ukuze into engenakubonwa okanye ihluke ngeso lenyama icace kwaye ihluke.Yinkqubo ye-optical egcina isiganeko se-parallel beam ekhutshwa ngokuhambelana nge-lens yenjongo kunye ne-eyepiece.Kukho iindidi ezintathu ngokubanzi:

I-1, iteleskopu yeRefraction yiteleskopu enelensi njengenjongo yelens.Inokwahlulwa ibe ziindidi ezimbini: iteleskopu yaseGalileo enelensi econcave njengesixhobo samehlo;Iteleskopu yeKepler ene-convex lens njengesixhobo samehlo.Ngenxa yokuba ikhromatic aberration kunye nokuphambuka okungqukuva kwenjongo yelensi enye kunzulu kakhulu, iiteleskopu zale mihla zokuphinda-phinda zisoloko zisebenzisa amaqela amabini okanye ngaphezulu elensi.

I-2, iteleskopu ebonakalisa isibonakude esinesipili esiconcave njengelensi yenjongo.Inokohlulwa ibe yiNewton telescope, iCassegrain telescope kunye nezinye iintlobo.Inzuzo ephambili yeteleskopu ebonisayo kukuba akukho chromatic aberration.Xa i-lens yenjongo ithatha i-paraboloid, i-aberration ye-spherical nayo inokupheliswa.Nangona kunjalo, ukuze kuncitshiswe impembelelo yezinye iimpazamo, indawo ekhoyo yokujonga incinci.Izinto eziphathekayo zokuvelisa isibuko zifuna kuphela i-coefficient encinci yokwandisa, uxinzelelo oluphantsi kunye nokugaya lula.

3, Iteleskopu yeCatadioptric isekwe kwisipili esingqukuva kwaye yongezwe ngento ephinda iphinde iphinde iphinde ilungiswe, enokuthi ithintele ukusetyenzwa kwe-aspherical enzima kwaye ifumane umgangatho olungileyo womfanekiso.Eyona idumileyo yiteleskopu yeSchmidt, ebeka ipleyiti yolungiso yeSchmidt kumbindi ongqukuva wesipili esingqukuva.Omnye umphezulu yinqwelomoya kwaye omnye ngumphezulu okhubazekileyo we-aspherical, owenza ukuba indawo esembindini yomqadi ihlangane kancinane kwaye inxalenye yeperipheral ijike kancinane, ilungisa nje ukuphambuka okungqukuva kunye nekoma.